Students will identify the three layers of the earth: core, mantle and crust.
Students will demonstrate knowledge of the concepts of convergent and divergent motions of the earth.
Students will define plate tectonics.
Continental crust -- The land crust of the earth.
Core of the earth -- There are really two cores, an inner core which is solid and is about 4300 C, and a core which is liquid around the inner core. They are composed of mostly iron with about 10% sulfur. (There is some "new" information that uranium may be in the core in quantity and may be responsible for much of the earth's inner heat.)
Convergence -- The act of moving toward each other and colliding.
Crust -- The crust is much thinner. It is rocky and brittle, so it can fracture during plate movements, resulting in earthquakes.
Divergence -- The act of moving away from each other. Where plates diverge, hot molten rock rises and cools, adding new material to the edges of the mid-oceanic plates. This process is known as sea-floor spreading.
Mantle -- The mantle goes around the core and is solid. It comprises most of the earth's mass. The temperature is about 1000 C.
Oceanic crust -- The crust underlying the ocean basin. This layer is much thinner than the earth's continental crust and is young.
Plates -- The earth's surface is broken into seven large and many small moving plates, each about 50 miles thick. They move relative to one another an average of a few inches a year or about as fast as fingernails grow.
Plate Tectonics -- This is a geological theory which says that the surface of Earth is broken into large plates. The size and position of the plates change over time. It was developed by Alfred Wegener. Unfortunately, he died before his theory was accepted as a major paradigm in modern geomorphology.
Transform fault -- Plates moving horizontally against each other.